####018008786#### FXUS65 KABQ 091150 AAB AFDABQ Area Forecast Discussion...UPDATED National Weather Service Albuquerque NM 450 AM MST Tue Dec 9 2025 ...New AVIATION... .KEY MESSAGES... Updated at 434 AM MST Tue Dec 9 2025 - Northwest wind gusts from 35 to 50 mph will produce difficult travel conditions for large and high-profile vehicles in the area around Clines Corners, Vaughn, Corona, and Mountainair today. - Dry and unseasonably warm weather will persist through at least the next seven days around central and northern New Mexico. && .SHORT TERM... (Today through Wednesday night) Issued at 1230 AM MST Tue Dec 9 2025 Confidence is not high enough to issue a Wind Advisory for parts of eastern NM today given disagreements amongst deterministic and probabilistic guidance. An update may be needed by sunrise if models trend windier or better agreement occurs. The latest NBM and REFS have probs for wind gusts >45 mph at less than 20% while the HREF favors much higher probs more aligned with the MOS suite (except the LAV which is still below the advisory criteria of 50 mph for Clines Corners). A 700mb wind max near 40kt is expected to move south today with the core focused from near Farmington to ABQ and Ruidoso. These stronger winds aloft may not align with the tighter surface pressure gradient along the east slopes of the central mt chain and central highlands. A more certain impact today will be downslope flow warming temps 10-15F above normal for eastern NM. The stronger mid level winds will taper off tonight while a weak backdoor cold front moves south across eastern NM. This front will help to trend high temps cooler Wednesday across eastern NM. Surface winds are shown veering around quickly to the southwest by the afternoon over eastern NM and may dampen the effect of the cooling. There is a large 25th-75th percentile spread in the NBM high temps Wednesday over parts of eastern NM as a result of these veering winds. Southwest winds will continue Wednesday night over eastern NM with lows remaining 10-15F above normal. Chilly temps are still expected over northern and western NM with inversion patterns in place. && .LONG TERM... (Thursday through Saturday night) Issued at 1230 AM MST Tue Dec 9 2025 West to northwest downslope flow into eastern NM Thursday allows temps to warm up to 20F above normal. A few locales will be near record highs. Another weak backdoor cold front is poised to enter eastern NM Thursday night with slight cooling Friday, mainly for northeast NM. Surface winds then veer out of the southwest again Saturday morning with potential for more warming Saturday. Yet another backdoor cold front may enter eastern NM late Saturday or Saturday night. The strength and timing of this front is still in question but there is potential for it to be a stronger push west to the central mt chain. NBM temperature spreads are high once again during this period across the east. All the while, central and western NM will remain very mild for mid December with light winds and mostly clear skies thru Saturday. && .AVIATION... (12Z TAFS) Issued at 434 AM MST Tue Dec 9 2025 Northwest winds will strengthen today with peak gusts in the 30 to 40KT range along the east slopes and nearby central highlands thru early this evening. LLWS will redevelop this evening over parts of central and eastern NM as surface winds decouple but winds aloft remain strong. A weak northeast wind shift will then slide south across eastern NM with a backdoor cold front after midnight. && .FIRE WEATHER... Issued at 1230 AM MST Tue Dec 9 2025 A perturbation in northwest flow aloft will move across the southern Rockies today with locally windy conditions from near Clines Corners to Vaughn and Corona. Marginally critical humidity in the 15 to 20% range may lead to elevated fire weather conditions for a few hours this afternoon. However, ERCs are near to below the 50th percentile with little risk for large fire growth. The main impacts to burning operations thru the weekend will be poor ventilation areawide with only pockets of fair at times. Min RH will stay above 20% for the vast majority of the area with good to excellent recoveries. Temps will be above normal most days with daily fluctuations over eastern NM in the wake of a couple backdoor cold fronts. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Farmington...................... 49 27 51 28 / 0 0 0 0 Dulce........................... 48 17 52 20 / 0 0 0 0 Cuba............................ 49 25 52 26 / 0 0 0 0 Gallup.......................... 56 23 59 23 / 0 0 0 0 El Morro........................ 54 28 58 30 / 0 0 0 0 Grants.......................... 59 26 61 26 / 0 0 0 0 Quemado......................... 55 28 59 29 / 0 0 0 0 Magdalena....................... 59 36 58 35 / 0 0 0 0 Datil........................... 56 32 59 32 / 0 0 0 0 Reserve......................... 66 28 69 28 / 0 0 0 0 Glenwood........................ 69 29 74 29 / 0 0 0 0 Chama........................... 45 22 50 24 / 0 0 0 0 Los Alamos...................... 50 32 51 33 / 0 0 0 0 Pecos........................... 56 32 54 33 / 0 0 0 0 Cerro/Questa.................... 48 28 52 29 / 0 0 0 0 Red River....................... 41 24 45 26 / 0 0 0 0 Angel Fire...................... 47 18 51 19 / 0 0 0 0 Taos............................ 50 22 54 23 / 0 0 0 0 Mora............................ 56 31 56 33 / 0 0 0 0 Espanola........................ 56 27 59 28 / 0 0 0 0 Santa Fe........................ 51 33 54 35 / 0 0 0 0 Santa Fe Airport................ 52 29 54 30 / 0 0 0 0 Albuquerque Foothills........... 55 37 57 37 / 0 0 0 0 Albuquerque Heights............. 57 34 59 34 / 0 0 0 0 Albuquerque Valley.............. 59 29 61 29 / 0 0 0 0 Albuquerque West Mesa........... 59 34 59 34 / 0 0 0 0 Belen........................... 58 23 60 24 / 0 0 0 0 Bernalillo...................... 59 31 60 32 / 0 0 0 0 Bosque Farms.................... 58 23 61 23 / 0 0 0 0 Corrales........................ 60 32 61 32 / 0 0 0 0 Los Lunas....................... 58 24 60 24 / 0 0 0 0 Placitas........................ 54 34 56 35 / 0 0 0 0 Rio Rancho...................... 59 33 60 34 / 0 0 0 0 Socorro......................... 61 34 64 34 / 0 0 0 0 Sandia Park/Cedar Crest......... 51 32 54 32 / 0 0 0 0 Tijeras......................... 51 32 54 33 / 0 0 0 0 Edgewood........................ 53 30 56 31 / 0 0 0 0 Moriarty/Estancia............... 54 28 57 28 / 0 0 0 0 Clines Corners.................. 50 30 53 31 / 0 0 0 0 Mountainair..................... 55 32 57 31 / 0 0 0 0 Gran Quivira.................... 54 32 58 31 / 0 0 0 0 Carrizozo....................... 59 35 64 36 / 0 0 0 0 Ruidoso......................... 57 38 56 39 / 0 0 0 0 Capulin......................... 59 28 51 32 / 0 0 0 0 Raton........................... 61 27 54 29 / 0 0 0 0 Springer........................ 64 28 58 27 / 0 0 0 0 Las Vegas....................... 61 32 54 33 / 0 0 0 0 Clayton......................... 67 33 54 37 / 0 0 0 0 Roy............................. 64 32 52 31 / 0 0 0 0 Conchas......................... 67 31 59 30 / 0 0 0 0 Santa Rosa...................... 64 34 56 34 / 0 0 0 0 Tucumcari....................... 69 32 59 32 / 0 0 0 0 Clovis.......................... 67 37 60 35 / 0 0 0 0 Portales........................ 67 36 60 36 / 0 0 0 0 Fort Sumner..................... 68 35 59 32 / 0 0 0 0 Roswell......................... 70 38 63 34 / 0 0 0 0 Picacho......................... 68 42 61 39 / 0 0 0 0 Elk............................. 69 40 61 35 / 0 0 0 0 && .ABQ WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... None. && $$ SHORT TERM...42 LONG TERM....42 AVIATION...42 ####018005491#### FXUS61 KILN 091150 AFDILN Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Wilmington OH 650 AM EST Tue Dec 9 2025 .SYNOPSIS... A few lights snow showers will be possible across northern portions of the region this morning. A strong system will bring primarily rain to start tonight and then snow and windy conditions to the region on Wednesday and into Wednesday night. Another system is expected to bring accumulating snow to the region Thursday night into Friday, with yet another system coming in as the day progresses Saturday into Saturday night. && .NEAR TERM /UNTIL 7 PM THIS EVENING/... Southerly winds will start to pick up during the day with some wind gusts around 25 to 30 mph. This will allow for temperatures to climb into the middle 30s to lower 40s. A quick moving area of light snow will be possible across far northern portions of the region north of Interstate 70 this morning, before dry conditions return for the rest of the daytime hours. && .SHORT TERM /7 PM THIS EVENING THROUGH WEDNESDAY NIGHT/... A system starts to move into the region tonight through Wednesday night. Primarily rain is expected Tuesday night, however some mix with snow cannot be ruled out. As the colder air rushes in on Wednesday winds will pick up and precipitation will change over to snow showers. Have wind gusts around 35 to 45 mph and continue to mention this in the HWO. There is a concern that as the cold air rushes into the region, air and pavement temperatures will start to drop. This will create the potential for slick conditions especially going into Wednesday evening and continuing into Wednesday night as lake enhancement continues snow showers across the region. While snowfall amounts will not be overly heavy, there will be pockets of heavier accumulating snow. In addition visibility will be reduced with snow showers at times with the wind. The cooler air moving in will then also lead to the potential for slick conditions on roadways. Have mention of this in the HWO. && .LONG TERM /THURSDAY THROUGH MONDAY/... Quite a bit of uncertainty heading into the late week timeframe given the spread in global models and ensemble guidance. However, there is some growing consensus that two systems will impact the Ohio Valley between Thursday and Saturday, but timing, placement and overall impacts are still a bit murky. Several models showing an initial wave that will impact our CWA late Thursday into Friday. The Euro has been fairly consistent in forming a snow band that has the best QPF axis focused in portions of northern KY into southern OH, with lighter snow amounts up towards the I-70 corridor. The GFS is showing some similarities to this QPF footprint as well, with the latest 00z run matching the Euro fairly well. SLRs will be important to monitor with these systems as the majority of our CWA will be higher than 10:1. Near the I-70 corridor, SLRs will likely be near (or even exceed) 15:1. However, south of the OH River, SLRs do slightly drop to around an 8 or 9:1. In general through, these higher ratios will result in some efficient snowfall accumulations. After the Friday system, the focus then shifts to the next potential system on Saturday. This Clipper system could bring another swath of accumulating snowfall to the region, with models trending towards the higher snow totals up near the I-70 corridor. Still too early to assess exact snow amounts, but the important thing to remember with these systems is that the high SLRs (particularly north of the OH River) will help this snowfall overachieve in some areas. The other impactful weather phenomena to highlight this weekend is the Arctic air mass that settles into the region. Models have shifted the coldest day to now be Sunday/Sunday night instead of Saturday. By Saturday night, wind chill values will be in the lower single digits and perhaps even sub-zero in our north. Bitterly cold temperatures continue into Sunday before a subtle warming trend ensues for the beginning of the following work week. && .AVIATION /12Z TUESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/... VFR conditions are expected for the TAF period. Mid and high clouds will start out the TAF period with a few lower clouds as well. Cannot rule out a brief light snow showers at KDAY, KCMH, and KLCK this morning, however generally expect any snow chances during this time to stay north of the TAF sites and therefore did not include at this time. Breezy conditions are expected during the day. Wind gusts will generally drop off some Tuesday evening into part of Tuesday night, however winds will stay up during this time and some wind gusts will still be possible. Tuesday evening into Tuesday night expect the potential for LLWS. Wind gusts will pick up at the end of the TAF period with wind gusts around or in excess of 30 knots. Rain will also move into the TAF sites, with the potential for mixing with snow as well. Cigs will lower at the end of the TAF period. OUTLOOK...MVFR to IFR conditions possible Wednesday through Saturday. Gusty winds in excess of 35kts possible Wednesday. && .ILN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... OH...None. KY...None. IN...None. && $$ SYNOPSIS... NEAR TERM... SHORT TERM... LONG TERM... AVIATION... ####018008649#### FXUS61 KAKQ 091151 AFDAKQ AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION National Weather Service Wakefield VA 651 AM EST Tue Dec 9 2025 .SYNOPSIS... Low pressure off the southeast coast slowly pushes farther offshore early today. Very cold this morning, then turning gradually milder through midweek. Low-end shower chances are expected with the next system late in the week. && .NEAR TERM /THROUGH TONIGHT/... As of 645 AM EST Tuesday... Key Messages: - Winter Weather Advisory remains in effect through mid-morning for likely areas of black ice over central, south central, and southeastern VA into northeast NC. - Drying out with sunshine today, though highs remain in the 30s for much of the area, to near 40 along the coast. The latest WX analysis reveals chilly though modifying 1026+mb sfc high pressure building across the local area this morning. h5 shortwave and its attendant surface low that brought snow to the southern 2/3 of the region is now sliding farther off the mid- Atlantic coast, with very cold air sweeping into the region early this morning. Temperatures are in the mid teens across the piedmont (mainly where snow fell from Farmville SSW to South Hill), with readings mainly in the low to mid 20s elsewhere, to lower 30s along the coast. The Winter Weather Advisory will be maintained through the morning rush to account for likely icy spots due to any snow/slush over inland areas, or even re- freezing moisture where little/no snow occurred over NE NC. Shortwave ridging behind the departing system will initiate a brief warming trend today through midweek. Despite a good amount of sunshine, expect sun will be doing work on snowmelt today, and therefore most inland areas over to Hampton Roads remain in the low to mid 30s. Some upper 30s to low 40s along the coast from the MD Eastern Shore to NE NC. && .SHORT TERM /WEDNESDAY THROUGH THURSDAY/... As of 230 AM EST Tuesday... Key Messages: - Dry, with milder temperatures on Wednesday, then turning cooler again Thursday. Not as cold tonight (but still with lows in the 20s for most). The upper level flow for the latter half of the week is set to feature an amplifying upper trough amplifies across east- central Canada, with resultant NW flow aloft east of the Rockies. Meanwhile, the next in a series of clipper lows deepens and tracks over the Great Lakes. This will in turn draw increasing SW low-level flow into the mid-Atlantic late tonight through Wed/Wed night. This SW flow, in tandem with increasing clouds ahead of the next system will push highs into the upper 40s (NW) to lower 50s (SE) on Wed. Not quite as cold upper 20s to mid 30s Wed night/early Thu. One last piece of that modifying Arctic high swings into the area on Thu, allowing for another modest cool down below Climo, with highs in the 40s under a partly to mostly sunny sky. && .LONG TERM /THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY/... As of 230 AM EST Tuesday... - Trending cooler Thursday, with low-end precip chances Friday, possibly ending as some wintry precip across northern counties. - Dry, but temperatures remain below normal next week. Medium range models and ensembles remain in decent agreement that the late week timeframe remains colder than average, with low end shower chances Friday/Friday night. The next upper midwest/Great Lakes clipper low impacts the region Friday into next weekend. Precip potentially changes over to a rain/snow mix before ending Friday night. Global model ensembles have trended slower with the next Arctic front, resulting in a milder outlook for Saturday. Highs have trended 2-3 categories "warmer", or really just not as cold, with highs now looking just below climo. The front looks to cross into the area late in the weekend, with a cooler day in the 40s Sunday, with cold lows in the teens and 20s Sunday night. It must be noted that there are significant differences in the upper pattern, specifically with regard to the amplification of the upper pattern and amount of influence of the Arctic airmass. Those differences also get predictably larger with time. As such, while cooler temperatures are possible if not likely for the Sunday- Tuesday time frame next week, we'll need to continue to monitor the setup to determine the degree of that cool down. The GEFS/EC are both pointing toward varying degrees of sharp, brief surge of colder air early next week, with a warmup thereafter, while the GEPS keeps us quite a bit milder. Either way. it appears increasingly likely that there will be a stronger N-S temperature gradient given the trend of the ECENS/GEFS toward a more baroclinic, flatter/quasi-zonal upper flow regime. The upshot of that would be better forcing likely remaining north of our area, with minimal precipitation threats in the modifying Arctic airmass. However, as we've just seen...just a small wave in that upper flow can make a rather significant impact. && .AVIATION /12Z TUESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/... As of 645 AM EST Tuesday... VFR conditions across area terminals just before sunrise. NNE winds are diminishing largely as expected, and will remain light this morning before winds back to the SSW this afternoon. VFR conditions continue today and increasing out of the SSW late tonight. Outlook: Winds remain SW and become increasingly breezy on Wednesday. A small chc for a shower by Friday, but generally VFR conditions prevail into the weekend. && .MARINE... As of 645 AM EST Tuesday... - Diminishing winds today, but SCAs continue through tonight for coastal waters due to elevated seas. - Winds increase again Wed ahead of a cold front. Gale Watches in effect for coastal waters N of Cape Charles, SCAs likely elsewhere. SCA will be allowed to expire on time for the Currituck Sound, Ches Bay and the lower James River. Previous discussion... Elevated winds continue early this morning as low pressure moves away from the coast and high pressure builds in from the north. Latest obs show northerly winds at 15-20kt with gusts 20-30kt over the bay and coastal waters. Buoy obs indicates seas of 6-8ft off VA/MD and around 9ft off NC coast. SCAs are in effect for most marine zones, only excluding the upper tidal rivers. Winds will continue to diminish has the high builds south today. Should be able to end the SCAs for the bay and lower James shortly after sunrise, but the coastal waters will remain in effect through the day for elevated seas. Winds turn to the south this evening ahead of the next cold front expected to cross the waters later this week. Another round of windy conditions is forecast for Wed as the pressure gradient tightens. The 00z NAM does depict a 50kt+ LLJ Wed afternoon, but it does not look like mixing will be conducive for getting all of that down to the surface. Nevertheless, still expecting SW winds of 25-30kt Wed afternoon with gusts up to 35kt for most waters and up to 40kt over northern coastal waters. Would say that confidence is moderate in achieving gale conditions despite local wind probs showing ~95% for gusts of at least 34kt N of Cape Charles given the tendency of southerly winds to under-perform in these set ups. As such, a Gale Watch has been hoisted for the zones N of Cape Charles starting 10am Wed. Went ahead and extended the SCAs for the coastal waters until then. There could be a period of sub-5ft seas late tonight, but seas look to quickly build again by early Wed morning. Conditions look to improve through the day Thurs, though remaining breezy. Sub-SCA conditions expected Fri. && .AKQ WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... MD...None. NC...Winter Weather Advisory until 9 AM EST this morning for NCZ012>017-030>032. VA...Winter Weather Advisory until 9 AM EST this morning for VAZ048- 060>062-065>069-079>090-092-093-095>100-509>518-520- 523>525. MARINE...Small Craft Advisory until 7 AM EST this morning for ANZ630>632-634-638. Small Craft Advisory until 10 AM EST Wednesday for ANZ650-652- 654-656-658. Gale Watch from Wednesday morning through Wednesday evening for ANZ650-652-654. && $$ SYNOPSIS...MAM NEAR TERM...AJB/LKB/MAM SHORT TERM...LKB/MAM LONG TERM...LKB/MAM AVIATION...AJB/MAM MARINE...AC ####018004050#### FXUS64 KSJT 091151 AFDSJT Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service San Angelo TX 551 AM CST Tue Dec 9 2025 ...New AVIATION... .KEY MESSAGES... - Warmer today, cooler Wednesday, then warmer than normal Thursday and Friday. - Cold frontal passage Saturday with cooler temperatures Sunday. - Dry forecast this week and during the weekend. && .SHORT TERM... (Today and tonight) Issued at 146 AM CST Tue Dec 9 2025 Expect warmer, dry and breezy conditions today across the area. Strong low pressure developing over the Northern Plains(pressure trough extending south into the Southern High Plains) will result in a tighter pressure gradient and southerly wind gusts of 20 to 25 mph with a few gusts to 30 possible across the Concho Valley And Big Country this afternoon. Highs will be above normal, with upper 60s to mid 70s. Expect mild and dry weather tonight with lows in the upper 30s to mid 40s. && .LONG TERM... (Wednesday through Monday) Issued at 1202 AM CST Tue Dec 9 2025 The forecast will remain dry for our area through the end of this week and the weekend. Initially northwest flow aloft over our area will gradually weaken through the end of this week. A cold front will move south across our area on Wednesday, and gusty northeast winds will follow its passage before dropping off by evening. Temperatures will be cooler Wednesday with highs ranging from the lower 60s in parts of the Big Country, to near 70 in our far southern counties. A surface high will shift southeast across our area Wednesday night, with clear skies and light winds facilitating radiational cooling. Overnight lows will be in the 30s, and anticipate that several locations will have lows at or just below freezing. Warmer temperatures will return Thursday with sunny skies and south-southwest winds. Highs Thursday are expected to be 70-75 degrees. A weak cold front is progged to move south into the Big Country Friday afternoon. This should limit highs to the upper 60s in the northern Big Country. The area farther south will have south winds, sunny skies and well-above normal highs at least in the lower to mid 70s. Some upper 70s are possible in our southern counties. These well-above normal highs look to continue on Saturday for our central and southern counties, while a stronger cold front pushes south across the Big Country in the afternoon. This cold front is forecast to advance south across the rest of our area Saturday evening and early Saturday night, and gusty northeast winds will follow its passage. Sunday will be comparatively much cooler with increasing cloudiness. At this time, blended model solution has highs Sunday ranging from the upper 40s/lower 50s in the Big Country, to near 60 along the I-10 corridor. Worth mentioning that medium range models have varied with the timing of a stronger cold front at the end of this week (Friday vs Saturday) and its strength. Return flow is progged to develop Monday with considerable cloud cover and highs in the lower to mid 60s. Medium range models show a shortwave trough over the southwestern states by early next week which could approach our area. && .AVIATION... (12Z TAFS) Issued at 551 AM CST Tue Dec 9 2025 Expect VFR conditions for the next 24 hours The wind will be from the south to southwest with gusts to 25 knots this afternoon. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Abilene 69 45 64 38 / 0 0 0 0 San Angelo 70 42 67 33 / 0 0 0 0 Junction 70 41 71 33 / 0 0 0 0 Brownwood 69 40 66 33 / 0 0 0 0 Sweetwater 70 45 63 39 / 0 0 0 0 Ozona 68 39 68 35 / 0 0 0 0 Brady 69 45 66 36 / 0 0 0 0 && .SJT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... None. && $$ SHORT TERM...21 LONG TERM....19 AVIATION...21 ####018009290#### FXUS65 KBOU 091152 AFDBOU Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Denver/Boulder CO 452 AM MST Tue Dec 9 2025 .KEY MESSAGES... - Strong, damaging winds across much of our foothills and east- facing mountains through Tuesday evening, with gusts 75-90 mph expected. - Locally strong winds may spread into wind-favored lower elevations at times today, with lower confidence. All areas will be breezy regardless. - Northern mountains will see on/off light mountain snow into Wednesday. - Another chance for a high wind event along the Front Range mountains Wednesday night into Thursday morning. && .UPDATE... Issued at 330 AM MST Tue Dec 9 2025 The decision was made to upgrade the High Wind Watch to a High Wind Warning for Fort Collins, Boulder and the western suburbs of Denver, as well as northern Weld County. There were two main considerations for issuing the warning. First, the High Wind Warning for the mountains and foothills is already verifying with gusts in the 80s including an 81 mph gust at Dakota Hill. The other consideration was that model guidance had a slight eastward shift in the strongest winds likely due to better stability in the forecast. The risk was too high that the western part of the city of Boulder and the usual windy spots along Highway 93 get 75 mph wind gusts to not have any highlights out. The eastern part of the High Wind Warning, that includes the towns of Longmont, Arvada, and Lakewood, may not hit High Wind Warning criteria but it is expected the western part of the warning will hit criteria. && .SHORT TERM /Through Tuesday night/... Issued at 257 PM MST Mon Dec 8 2025 Current conditions out there are reminiscent of a typical late fall day, with temperatures hovering in the mid/upper 50's in the plains, and around the freezing mark in our high valleys. Nocturnal temperatures will be on the milder side with downslope flow in place east of the Continental Divide, and ample cloud cover over the high country. Meanwhile, areas of breezy west winds are punctuating the landscape, of course being strongest and most consistent above 9,000 ft where a few locations continue to gust above 60 mph. As we enter the overnight period, ingredients will begin to come into better alignment to produce a steady increase in wind speeds over our leeward mountains. By sunrise, cross-barrier flow looks to be near 55-65 kts, with rapidly increasing east-west pressure gradients. Everything points to a high confidence damaging wind event for our central/northern foothills and leeward Front Range mountains persisting well through the day Tuesday. Hi-res guidance is all in on impressive 75-90 mph wind gusts becoming rather widespread by early morning for these locations, and the list of ingredients which support this is long: - Strong cross-barrier flow: Check - Stable layer near 600mb: Check - Robust pressure gradients: Check, check and check! (GJT-DEN gradients progged to peak between 16-19mb...) - Little to no speed shear above ridgetops: Check - Shallow moisture upstream: Check - Consistent QG subsidence: Check The larger question revolves around the propensity of said winds to spread east out of the foothills and impact some of our lower elevations. Guidance is far from convinced about this, which certainly reduces confidence in such a scenario. Suspect that this could be due to a lack of any pronounced critical layer aloft - a limiting factor, no doubt. Nonetheless, it seems far-fetched for our more wind-prone lower elevations (e.g. Highway 93 corridor) to not see incursions of 75+ mph gusts throughout the day Tuesday, particularly past mid-morning, just given brute force alone and the above recipe. With that in mind, seemed prudent to incorporate our immediately adjacent urban corridor zones into a High Wind Watch, which also extends into northern Weld County where there is higher confidence in gusts exceeding the comparatively lower high wind criteria of 58 mph. It's doubtful that a majority of lower elevations west of I-25 see such high winds, but localized fingers are a much more distinct possibility. Generally speaking, most areas will see gusts in the 30-50 mph range outside of our mountains. Either way, will let the evening shift make the ultimate decision with regard to our urban corridor highlights. Winds should diminish in the evening for the lowlands, and weaken below high wind criteria for higher elevations closer to midnight Tuesday night. It's also worth noting that elevated fire weather conditions will be in place across our northern plains owing to the gusty winds. Snowfall was very limited in these locations with the recent system, so fuels there are susceptible to fire spread. Wind aside, we're in store for a mild day Tuesday thanks to ample compressional warming, pushing highs above 60F for a majority of the plains. Only some persistent lenticular clouds could keep a few foothills-adjacent locations from crossing that mark. Additionally, we'll have occasional light snow showers in our northern mountains with low-level moisture remaining trapped below ~600mb. These will become steadier Tuesday night as moisture deepens, with mostly 1-4" of accumulation possible through sunrise Wednesday across our higher mountain elevations north of I-70. && .LONG TERM /Wednesday through Monday/... Issued at 257 PM MST Mon Dec 8 2025 Light snow showers will gradually end Wednesday/Wednesday night, with an additional 2-5" of accumulation possible, mainly in the Park Range. The main concern for the later half of the week, however, is the potential for another high wind event Wednesday night into Thursday morning: Looking at 500 mb analysis, we are progged to generally be in the right exit region of the jet streak Wednesday night, which will promote subsidence aloft. There is good agreement between models of cross-barrier flow between 50-60 kts, and surface pressure gradients of 12-14 mb from Grand Junction to Denver. With these ingredients, confidence is building that the Front Range could see wind gusts up to 70 mph. Cross-sections and modeled soundings indicate that winds could peak overnight Wednesday into early Thursday morning, with the chance of the wind-prone areas along the foothills and adjacent plains seeing gusts up to 50 mph. Won't be surprised if Will continue to monitor model trends for evidence of stronger gust potential along the high county and lower elevations (keeping an eye out for any indication of a critical layer developing, a more stable layer at ridgetop, and stronger pressure gradients). With compressional heating, Thursday could be about 10-20 degrees above normal across the plains. Exactly how warm we get will depend on the strength and duration of the downsloping winds. Ensemble runs have max temperatures between the high 50s to mid 60s. Friday and into the weekend, we will see a drying trend across our forecast area, as an upper level ridge continues to build over the southwestern United States. There is a bit of uncertainty in temperatures for Friday, as an arctic air mass dips into the central and eastern part of our country. Ensemble solutions show a large temperature spread for the plains, with max temperatures as low as 30s-40s and as high as mid 50s. Most likely, our eastern plains will receive the western edge of the arctic airmass and will see high temperatures in the 40s while farther west will see temperatures up to mid 50s. The NBM seems to have a good grasp on this, so have opted to keep it as is for now. For the weekend, temperatures should warm up to slightly above normal values as the upper level ridge shifts over Colorado the weekend. && .AVIATION /12Z TAFS through 12Z Wednesday/... Issued at 434 AM MST Tue Dec 9 2025 VFR expected throughout the TAF period. Winds will be the main concern for the entire TAF period as the amount of variability in the winds cannot be captured in the TAF. Gusts could briefly reach 60 knots at BJC but the majority of gusts will be around 40 knots. There will also be periods at BJC where winds will decrease to around 5-10 knots when the terminal is on the other side of the mountain wave rotor. Gusts may briefly reach 40 knots at DEN but the majority of gusts will be around 25 knots. Wind speeds will also be sporadic at DEN especially in the morning hours. At Centennial, gusts may reach 35 knots but the majority will be around 20 knots. A cold front will move through the terminals around 04-07Z tonight. This will shift winds from the west to the NNE at all terminals. Gusts could reach 25 knots behind the front. Winds will return to a light drainage overnight. && .BOU WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... High Wind Warning until midnight MST tonight for COZ033>035-038- 039-042. && $$ UPDATE...Danielson SHORT TERM...BRQ LONG TERM...MAI AVIATION...Danielson ####018004686#### FXUS61 KBGM 091152 AFDBGM Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Binghamton NY 652 AM EST Tue Dec 9 2025 .SYNOPSIS... The weather pattern will remain active this week, with several clipper systems bringing chances for snow. Though briefly near normal Wednesday, temperatures will be mostly below normal through next weekend. && .NEAR TERM /THROUGH WEDNESDAY NIGHT/... Zonal flow aloft with high pressure at the surface brings a quiet but very cold start to the day. Clear skies overnight along with an arctic cold air mass has allowed temperatures to drop below zero over a large portion of the region. Most of today will generally be dry and chilly with increasing clouds as a weak short wave approaches the region. This brings a quick shot of moisture, but with dry air underneath. This will mainly result in flurries that extend into central NY with overall light accumulations. Although, Oneida county could see slightly higher totals with amounts ranging 1 to 3 inches from this afternoon and through the evening. Main concern is a clipper system that tracks over the Great Lakes and north of our region tonight into tomorrow. This is expected to bring a quick burst of accumulating snow tomorrow morning through midday. Northern Oneida County could see the highest amounts, but almost the whole area should get at least some snow before warmer air causes rain to mix in at lower elevations during the afternoon. A Winter Storm Watch remains in effect for Northern Oneida county with snow amounts continuing to range 5 to 12 inches. With this event being temperature and elevation dependent, confidence was not quite there yet to issue Advisories for central NY and northeast PA. && .SHORT TERM /THURSDAY THROUGH FRIDAY/... On Thursday another push of cold air arrives with northwest flow settling in. Lake effect snow showers are expected to set up especially over north central NY with additional snowfall accumulations expected. Model soundings also support the potential for scattered snow squalls in the afternoon with steep low level lapse rates, moisture in the dendritic growth zone, and modest instability. Scattered snow squalls may make it as far south as the Twin Tiers, and more numerous or organized bands are expected over Central New York. This will probably continue into Thursday night. Snow amounts overall specifically on Thursday-Thursday night may not be that high, but it could still be quite impactful because of the squall like nature of it including blowing and drifting. Lake effect will continue into Friday morning as northwest pattern lingers. A short wave then moves in by Friday afternoon shifting winds south allowing showers to tapper off. A very brief dry period looks to settle in just before the next system approaches. && .LONG TERM /FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY/... Model guidance suggests another clipper system is expected through the weekend. Warm air advection looks to move in ahead of the low Friday into Saturday, with cold air following behind Saturday through Sunday. Additionally lake effect looks to set up as well behind the departing low keeping shower chances all the way through Monday. Temperatures during this period are expected to stay below freezing with highs mainly in the 20s. This will support all snow as a precipitation type. Models begin to diverge by Tuesday, but agree that the pattern remains cold. && .AVIATION /12Z TUESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/... VFR conditions expected across much of the region into the overnight hours. SYR and RME may see some brief MVFR visby this afternoon and early evening as light snow moves through the area. A much stronger system moves in on Wednesday, with restrictions starting at the end of this TAF period. LLWS fo 35-40kts is expected to develop at SYR and RME for a few hours this evening. much more widespread and stronger LLWS will move in late in the TAF period, impacting ITH/ELM/BGM/AVP starting in the early morning hours. Outlook... Wednesday...Restrictions likely as another frontal system approaches the region with snow and some rain showers mixing in. Thursday Through Saturday...Restrictions possible with snow showers and possible squalls in the area. && .BGM WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... PA...None. NY...Winter Storm Watch from late tonight through Thursday morning for NYZ009. && $$ SYNOPSIS...ES/MDP NEAR TERM...ES SHORT TERM...ES LONG TERM...ES AVIATION...JTC ####018011585#### FXUS63 KMPX 091154 AFDMPX Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN 554 AM CST Tue Dec 9 2025 .KEY MESSAGES... - Strong system to bring an intense and narrow band of heavy snow this afternoon and evening along and north of the I-94 corridor. The rain/snow line looks to setup over the Twin Cities metro, with a strong snowfall gradient expected from southwest to northeast across the metro. - A 2-4 hour period of freezing rain/drizzle will be possible along and just south of the I-94 corridor as precipitation initially moves in today. - Strong winds are expected Tuesday evening southwest of the low track, with gusts of 40-50 mph possible south I-94 in Minnesota. Uncertainty remains high with how blowable the snow pack in southwest Minnesota will be after they see highs above freezing with rain and drizzle today. - Multiple bouts of light snow will be possible Wednesday through Saturday. Only minor accumulations would occur with any additional snowfall we see after today. - Very cold temperatures settle in by this weekend with wind chills approaching advisory criteria Friday night and Saturday night. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 320 AM CST Tue Dec 9 2025 As one clipper exits stage right over Lake Superior, the next one as already queued up just off stage. Water vapor imagery shows a deep plume of moisture coming off the northeast Pac and across the Can/US border into the Dakotas. Within this plume of moisture, a shortwave currently over southern Albert deepen and dig south through the day. This is what will result in the deepening surface low moving across MN this afternoon/evening. Spread remains higher than normal in the models for being within 24 hours of storm onset with the eventual track of the surface low. In a broad sense, we have a southern camp and a northern camp. The southern camp is where you will find the majority of your traditional deterministic models (GFS, ECMWF, Canadian...), ensemble systems, and AI driven models. The northern camp is almost being completely driven by CAMs (HREF). For this update, we continue to favor an ECMWF AIFS/EPS solution, with not much weight put into the northern, CAM driven solution. The biggest reason for this is recent verification, with the AIFS in particular performing very strong in correctly placing where heavier precip swaths end up going back to the pre-Thanksgiving winter storm. The resulting forecast is still very complex, with a threat for an initial burst of freezing rain, heavy snow this evening, then strong winds and potential for blizzard conditions tonight. Initially this morning, we will have to deal with some very minor freezing drizzle with saturated low levels that are experiencing lift from WAA. There have been lots of BR (mist) reports from the airports overnight, which is a classic freezing drizzle signal, which is what the human observes have been noting all night at MSP. This bout of freezing drizzle will diminish when a location sees winds switch to the northwest, which will cutoff the WAA, at least momentarily. Precipitation will be moving quickly into western MN by the late this morning. As this band of WAA driven precip moves in, warm noses in soundings confirm what we are seeing with model p-type depictions, with a 2-4 hour window at precipitation onset where the predominate p-type will likely be freezing rain basically along and just south of the I-94 corridor. Although any ice accumulations are minor, there is some higher end potential out toward Alexandria and Glenwood in northwest portions of our CWA where ice accumulation over a tenth of an inch will be possible. After this initial burst of precipitation, it becomes a rain or snow question based on surface temperatures. Given it's heavy inclusion of CAMs, the NBM looks too aggressive with how far northeast it drives the freezing line this afternoon/evening and we used hourly temperatures from the GFS to help suppress this warm nose from the NBM. This resulted in a rain/snow line basically setting up from Glenwood, to Minneapolis and Durand in western WI. Besides the warm temperatures, the I-94 corridor will also be about where the mid-level dry slot terminates, so not only does the I-94 corridor have to deal with uncertainty in terms of the thermal environment on p-types, but there will be issues with cloud ice being present as well. The highest snow totals are expected to fall just north of where the freezing line and termination of the mid-level dry slot ends up, which right now would place Long Prairie to the northeast Twin Cities metro and Chippewa Falls, WI in the most likely region to cash on the snow amounts around 7 inches. These higher snow amounts will be driven by a heavy band of snow, where snowfall rates of near and above 1 inch per hour will occur in a 4-6 hour window (centered in the 5-10pm timeframe). With this continued southward drift in where the heaviest snow is expected, we did add Washington, St. Croix, Dunn, and Eau Claire counties into the Winter Storm Warning. As for the Winter Storm Watch for Blizzard conditions, we decided to leave that as is. What is certain is that we'll see wind gusts of 40 to 50 mph (plus a few 50+) from west central through south central MN from roughly 1z through 8z (7pm through 2am). What is much less certain is how blowable that snow will be coming off a day where highs make a run at 40 with periods of rain and drizzle as well. Looking at the WSSI for blowing snow, it doesn't even show minor blowing snow impacts across southwest MN this evening. This region will likely see additional light snow, but that does not look to arrive late in the night Tuesday night, after the strongest winds have moved through. Although you can't rule out ground blizzard conditions, there are too many question marks in place to be putting out a headline (Blizzard Warning) that would have the effect of shutting down southwest MN tonight. Unfortunately, we're not really going to know how this snow will behave until we hit it with these winds. At the moment, there's too much of a chance that we just get some minor blowing, but not enough lofting of snow particles to create the visibility restrictions needed to support a blizzard. After this system, it's back into the deep freeze through next weekend. The coldest day looks to be Saturday, when a high of zero looks like it will be difficult to attain everywhere in the MPX area. This will also see wind chill values down in the -25 to -35 range Friday night/Saturday morning and again Saturday night/Sunday morning, with the need for at least Extreme Cold Advisories both periods looking all but certain. Besides the cold, there will be more chances for light snow. Wednesday looks like your typical snow shower setup as we have well mixed boundary layers that have thermal profiles completely withing the dendritic growth zone. Thursday, a weak upper wave will move along the thermal gradient, laying down a quick band of light snow. Right now, this looks most likely to impact Iowa into southern MN. Friday, we should see another round of light snow move through with the passage of the arctic cold front. Saturday brings yet another wave embedded in the northwest flow that will work with the strong thermal gradient to create another swath of light snow, which at the moment is again favored for Iowa or southern MN. Next week, a pattern shift still looks to be upon us as we see the eastern Canadian trough push into the north Atlantic, which allows upper ridging to move into the central CONUS. This looks to result in the active storm track shifting to the north, with milder Pacific airmasses moving in, with the cold easing as well. There's lots of snow to our south across Iowa, so it will be tough for us to warm significantly, but we'll take highs returning to the 20s and 30s for a little bit of a reprieve from the deep winter cold. && .AVIATION /12Z TAFS THROUGH 12Z WEDNESDAY/... Issued at 531 AM CST Tue Dec 9 2025 LIFR/IFR will persist over eastern MN and western WI into early this morning as low stratus and mist are slow to move east. A brief improvement will occur late this morning into this afternoon. However, our next system will move southeast across the area today into tonight bringing wintry precipitation, strong winds, and low clouds. Snow is most likely at AXN, STC, RNH, and EAU with snow fall rates being heavy at times, especially Tuesday afternoon and evening. 1" per hour snowfall rates could last 2-4 hours with accumulations near 4-7". MSP will have a chance of seeing a wintry mix at precipitation onset before changing over to snow with some periods of rain. RWF and MKT could also see a wintry mix at first but will change over to rain until late tonight when temperatures finally cool enough for snow. Conditions should be at best IFR with reductions to LIFR likely (with even VLIFR possible) during periods of heaviest snow. Southwesterly winds turn southerly in advance of the system then quickly turn northwesterly as the system and cold front pass. Winds will become very strong this evening and tonight with sustained values of 15-25 knots and gusts of 30-40 knots. Strongest winds will be across western and southern MN. KMSP...Expecting a brief period of LIFR from 14-18Z as cigs fall to near 300 feet and mist occurs. Cigs improve IFR after but precipitation onset should be near 20Z with a wintry mix to start. But, using latest guidance, leaning more towards snow being the dominant precip type after 23Z. Visibilities could drop to 1sm during heaviest precip while cigs hover near 500 feet. Snow should end by 12Z Wednesday. Expect the southerly winds this afternoon to shift northwesterly near 02Z. Winds will be strongest overnight with sustained values nearing 20 knots with gusts of 30-35 knots. /OUTLOOK FOR KMSP/ WED...MVFR/IFR. Chc -SN. Wind NW 10-15G30 kts. THU...MVFR. Chc -SN. Wind NW 5-10 kts. FRI...MVFR/SN early. VFR late. Wind NW 10-15G20 kts. && .MPX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... MN...Winter Weather Advisory from noon today to 6 AM CST Wednesday for Douglas-Kandiyohi-McLeod-Meeker-Pope-Stearns-Stevens- Swift-Wright. Winter Storm Warning from noon today to 6 AM CST Wednesday for Anoka-Benton-Chisago-Isanti-Kanabec-Mille Lacs-Morrison- Sherburne-Todd-Washington. Winter Storm Watch from this evening through Wednesday morning for Blue Earth-Brown-Chippewa-Faribault-Freeborn-Lac Qui Parle-Le Sueur-Martin-Nicollet-Redwood-Renville-Sibley- Waseca-Watonwan-Yellow Medicine. Winter Weather Advisory from 3 PM this afternoon to 6 AM CST Wednesday for Carver-Dakota-Goodhue-Hennepin-Ramsey-Rice- Scott-Steele. WI...Winter Storm Warning from 3 PM this afternoon to 9 AM CST Wednesday for Barron-Chippewa-Dunn-Eau Claire-Polk-Rusk- St. Croix. Winter Weather Advisory from 3 PM this afternoon to 9 AM CST Wednesday for Pepin-Pierce. && $$ DISCUSSION...MPG AVIATION...CTG ####018007762#### FXUS63 KGRB 091154 AFDGRB Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Green Bay WI 554 AM CST Tue Dec 9 2025 Updated aviation portion for 12Z TAF issuance .KEY MESSAGES... . Light snow ending early this morning. Even after the snow ends, freezing drizzle will remain possible through the morning. Slippery travel could occur for the morning commute. - Winter Storm Warnings and Winter Weather Advisories issued for this evening into Wednesday morning. Heaviest snow, with rates over 1" per hour, expected in central WI this evening into the overnight hours. Snow ends late tonight over central WI and on Wednesday morning over eastern WI. - Much colder temperatures arrive for the end of the week. Wind chills of -10 to -30 are possible Friday night into early Saturday and again Saturday night into Sunday morning. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 324 AM CST Tue Dec 9 2025 Short Term...Today...Tonight...and Wednesday First clipper of interest is spreading light to moderate snow from west-to-east across the area early this morning. Based on upstream obs and forecast soundings, ice stripping out aloft will lead to freezing drizzle for a few hours after the snow ends. Based on radar trends, steady snow ending over central WI will taper of in the Fox Valley 10-11z (4-5am), and in Door County and the lakeshore by 12z (6am). Where surfaces have been cleared of snow early this morning and freezing drizzle is ongoing, untreated roads could be slippery which will impact the morning commute. Once any lingering freezing drizzle ends mid to late morning, expect a lull through the afternoon. Nothing too notable in terms of winds or temperatures today. Highs will reach the lower 20s north and into the upper 20s, even around 30 portions of central to east-central WI. Even with this "warm- up" these readings will still be a bit below average. Late this afternoon, attention will be on potent clipper system that will be riding strong 150+ kt upper jet across the northern Plains into the western Great Lakes. Even at this short time horizon, there are still significant differences in track of the strong sub 990mb sfc low. Essentially many of the 00z CAMs, including the 00z RAP/HRRR, favored swath of heaviest QPF/snow over northern WI, while global models (ECMWF, GFS) were farther south, though they had trended slightly north with this cycle. NAM/Canadian represented compromise. Latest QPF trends and SLRs in the 10-15:1 range, along with signal of heaviest 1hr QPF/snow tapering as system shifts east (per HREF) resulted in upgrading to a Winter Storm Warning for most of central WI (4-7" of snow), but keeping that upgrade still west of the Fox Valley. Elsewhere, a Winter Weather Advisory was issued for 2-5" of snow. If system remains stronger farther east as especially the ECMWF and NBM probabilities show (boosted by GFS and ECMWF ensembles), then an additional upgrade would be needed across the Fox Valley and possibly even toward the lakeshore. Does appear pretty certain that bulk of heaviest snow from this system (rates possibly over 1.5"/hr for 2-3 hours) will occur this evening over central WI. Snowfall rates elsewhere look to stay below 1"/hr with majority of this occurring before daybreak on Wednesday as snow tapers off from northwest to southeast. Vilas County may be impacted by light lake enhanced snow as system departs on Wednesday morning. However, the heaviest more impactful snow from this should stay in area of stronger convergence closer to Lake Superior. North winds will be gusty on Wednesday, which will lead to some drifting. Not sure extent of blowing as the snow will be wetter type instead of powdery. Retained idea from previous shift that where snow is heaviest there could be power outages due to the increasing winds. Temperatures on Wednesday will be steady as the low crosses, then fall off into the teens and lower 20s by late day. Wind chills will be falling off into the lower single digits in the afternoon over northern WI. Long Term...Wednesday Night Through Monday Focus of the long term forecast is the arrival of much colder temperatures Wednesday through this weekend as well as another possible round of snow Friday into Saturday. Cold...Behind the departing cold front Wednesday colder air will rush into the region Wednesday night with lows falling into the single digits below zero away from the Lake Michigan. Highs Thursday and Friday are only expected to rise into the middle to upper teens for most locations. Friday night a second cold front is forecast to move across the area bringing a blast of arctic air for the weekend. Global ensembles show 850mb temps of -18C to -24C overspreading the region. With partial clearing Friday and Saturday nights temperatures are forecast to fall into the single digits to teens below zero with wind chills of -20F to -30F, coldest across central WI. Will likely need cold weather headlines both nights for parts of central and east-central WI. Lake induced clouds across northern WI may keep apparent temperatures from falling to headline criteria. Snow Chances Friday into Saturday...Another short-wave originating over NW Canada is forecast to move through the northwest flow late in the week, bringing another chance (40-60%) for accumulating snow Friday into early Saturday morning. Snow totals are still highly uncertain given the variability in the track of the short-wave. 01Z NBM shows 30-40% probs for at least 1" of snow south of HWY 29 with 20-30% north to the UP border. With colder temperatures profiles and deep saturation through the DGZ expect this snow to be more of a powdery variety. && .AVIATION...for 12Z TAF Issuance Issued at 553 AM CST Tue Dec 9 2025 First clipper system brought snow overnight and now even as the snow is ending, fog and freezing drizzle is occurring, along with LIFR and IFR cigs. Expect the light precip to end mid to late morning with cigs trying to lift toward higher MVFR or lower VFR briefly this afternoon. Next stronger clipper will quickly spread snow into central and north-central WI late this afternoon into early this evening, then into eastern WI by late evening. Snow will stay steady through most of the night, before diminishing toward end of TAF period. Greatest risk of heavy snow with 1+ inch per hour snowfall rates will be over central WI (AUW/CWA) this evening. For these locations, have bracketed a timeframe between 00z-04z of prevailing 1/2SM with occasional 1/4SM +SN. Snow will be moderate elsewhere, with vsby prevailing around 1SM, with brief drops to 1/2SM during heaviest snow. Cigs from this evening through late tonight will be LIFR-IFR, lifting to higher IFR to lower MVFR toward end of TAF period. Winds mainly SW 10-15 kts with gusts to 20 kts today, strongest over eastern WI. Winds back E-SE this evening, then shift to the north late tonight as clipper low passes across the area. LLWS develops for a time late tonight central to east-central WI. && .GRB WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... Winter Weather Advisory from 5 PM this afternoon to 6 AM CST Wednesday for WIZ005-010-011-045. Winter Weather Advisory from 8 PM this evening to 9 AM CST Wednesday for WIZ012-013-022-038>040-048>050-073-074. Winter Storm Warning from 5 PM this afternoon to 6 AM CST Wednesday for WIZ018>021-030-031-035>037. && $$ DISCUSSION.....JLA/GK AVIATION.......JLA